The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay Free Essays

The entire idea of a decent guidance framework is to fix out children with the goal that they are more ready to stand up to the difficulties of globalization, progression each piece great as the quick advancement in today ‘s data and conveying engineerings. To empower our state to make this we required skilled and strong human capital that can go up against the difficulties locally and universally. So as to deliver such a human capital, specialists had come out with barely any approaches in guidance framework. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now One of the arrangements was PPSMI that was presented in 2003 and later it is canceled in 2012. The fundamental build of PPSMI †the guidance and securing of logical order and science in English The excellencies of PPSMI †the guidance and obtaining of logical control and arithmetic in English The negative marks of PPSMI †the guidance and obtaining of logical control and arithmetic in English Rundown. The fundamental build of PPSMI The guidance and securing of logical order and science in English or in short known as PPSMI, that represents Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa InggerisA is a specialists strategy planned for bettering the offer of the English etymological correspondence among understudies at essential and auxiliary schools inA Malaysia. Tun Dr. Mahathir canister Mohamad, whom was the chief minister at the moment presented this strategy in 2003. Be that as it may, since it was presented, PPSMI has been a warmed subject and has been bantered among employees, government officials and even in the public arena until the Deputy Prime Minister, Tan SriA Muhyiddin Yassin declared the approach ‘s inversion in 2012. Orchestrating to the Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin in The Star ( 2009 ) , the spread among country and urban understudies has enlarged since PPSMI begun. Only 19.2 % of optional educators and 9.96 % of essential teachers were adequately capable in English. He said this one of the grounds the Cabinet has concluded that the mechanism of course for Math and Science will come back to Bahasa Malaysia in national schools and first language semantic correspondences in national-type schools from 2012 onwards and the inversion of the guidance of Math and Science in English ( PPSMI ) strategy will be directed in stages. The excellencies of PPSMI Back in this way, the mechanism for imparting in guidance framework was predominantly utilized our primary language, Malay etymological correspondence. At that point so as to build up the express, the head clergyman at that cut, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad proposed a strategy that altered the mechanism of course from the Malay etymological correspondence to English for the guidance and securing of Science and Mathematics points. Fundamentally the arrangement was made dependent on the specialists ‘s worry on the state ‘s human capital advancement towards achieving the rule of a created express, every piece great as an early preparing to compete in the age of globalization. Kim ( 2011 ) expressed that logical control and science are two boss Fieldss that structure the balance and have a significant capacity in the headway and improvement of a state. Furthermore, the turning waterway of transmutations and finds in these two Fieldss happen rapidly and data course in these Fieldss is to a great extent in the English semantic correspondence exorbitantly. Along these lines, the order in this semantic correspondence would do us simpler to obtain the insight in logical control and science. In spite of the fact that by introducing PPSMI is non the best technique to better English, it is anyway a commendable endeavor that will pass on the copy advantages of improvement in English each piece great as prepared network to the universe of logical order and building. Orchestrating to Kim ( 2011 ) , restrictions of PPSMI ever make Russia and China as a representation that one can cabin to one ‘s national etymological correspondence but then achieve exceptional progression in logical order and technology.A But these pundits overlook that states like Russia and China have enormous populaces and their kin are acceptable outfitted with discernment in logical control and building correlation with us, Malaysians that to a great extent despite everything relies upon outsiders. One more thing is about the assets. English reading material are as of now broadly utilized in our foundations of higher procurement exorbitantly, so for what reason must we stop the guidance of science and logical control in English at a prior age and change over back to Malay semantic correspondence? The simply satisfactory ground for ending PPSMI ought to just in light of the lack of English-capable educators. They did non hold adequate planning to have the option to adapt effectually. Be that as it may, numerous alternatives can be led to create them. From that point onward, all they required is adequate clasp to suit to the modification and later travel frontward to run into the difficulties. In choice, we would straight be able to see that the approach assurance to actualize PPSMI was made to do certain understudies ‘ order in logical control and science in position of the way that the vast majority of the beginnings are accessible in the English phonetic correspondence. In a roundabout way, it is other than trusted that the execution of PPSMI would loan to the improving of understudies ‘ offer of the semantic correspondence. The faults of PPSMI Despite the fact that PPSMI appeared to be a decent strategy to be actualized in our guidance framework, after much thought and contemplations from specialists, non-administrative associations and concerned people about the effect of PPSMI on student obtaining, the specialists chose to dispose of the guidance and procurement of Science and Mathematics in English. Orchestrating to an article ‘Why PPSMI is canceled ‘ in The Star paper, the bureau found that during the execution of PPSMI only 4 % of Mathematicss and Science educators utilized 90 % or a greater amount of English in the guidance and securing of the two themes. A blend of Bahasa Malaysia and English was utilized more by them and the teachers needed to regularly trade to Bahasa Malaysia in their guidance since students could non comprehend their exercises in English. To turn out the announcement over, a review led by a gathering of educationalists from the Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idris ( UPSI ) uncovered that 70 % of Form Two students thought that it was hard to larn Mathematicss and Science in English. Another overview done by a Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( UKM ) educator presumed that PPSMI hampered understudies ‘ capacity to comprehend Mathematicss and Science builds, consequently resulting in their hapless open introduction in these two points. The bureau other than expressed that solitary understudies with great offer of English profited by PPSMI while other people who absence of capability in English became casualties. In this way, clearly it is unjustifiable to these students if the specialists choose to go on with the strategy. â€Å" Apart from holding to larn an etymological correspondence which is non their female parent lingua, our children are being made to dissect the two themes in English each piece great, † A Muhyidin stated, including that surveies had other than indicated that students would break comprehend a point in the event that it was instructed in their female parent lingua. The assurance to change by inversion to Bahasa Malaysia is in accordance with the spot taken by Unesco that the female parent lingua is the best mechanism of heading in schools. As should be obvious the current coevals of attorneies, controllers, researchers, technocrats, and different experts are the product of our National Education System where Bahasa Malaysia is the mode of heading in schools. Consequently, it has demonstrated that Bahasa Malaysia is a useful vehicle of heading in the national schools. Drumhead With everything taken into account, regardless of whether it is the execution or inversion of PPSMI, the greatest additionally rans are still students in Malaysia. So it is of import that astute activities must be finished by each gathering to help the students from being casualty to the precarious strategies in Malaysia instructive framework. Anyway before specialists need to introduce new strategy, unquestionably they did a few investigates before it was actualized and same goes to the new arrangement that replaces PPSMI now. In spite of the fact that PPSMI is not, at this point utilized as a mechanism of course at schools, the longing to get the hang English ought to non be halted in our juvenile coevalss in light of the fact that our state needs a populace that is able in English to must deliver top class laborers who will have the option to strive in the globalized universe. According to this, the Education Ministry has found a way to better our students ‘ offer of English through the new arrangement, Strengthening English Language ( MBI ) strategy. Other than that, there are a few different ways that specialists endeavors to make so as to ensure understudies get a decent offer in English semantic correspondence for outline bettering the strategies for guidance and securing of English in schools, expanding English hours and drawing in quality English educators, including from abroad, to help our students be capable in English. The help from all guardians unnecessarily is another cardinal factor to uplift the nature of our guidance and better student securing. The most effective method to refer to The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay, Essay models

Entrepreneurship Skills for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Skills for Engineers - Essay Example Learning-based model limits time through a learning circle. The expectation of the talk to designers and pioneers is to safeguard assets and make best employments of them while making revelations. Field-tested strategy or business case fills in as an official rundown of the exceptionally point by point marketable strategy. It gets a business visionary out of the structure and tests the idea of the market. A point by point business case imagines benefits over a sensible period that exceeds expenses and dangers. The frail business case doesn't legitimize pushing ahead with a far reaching field-tested strategy. It renders it trying to gauge the arrival on venture. Commercializing a thought includes building, estimating, and learning. The structure is transforming thoughts into items. Estimating relates to customers’ reaction to the items created. Learning brings about the choice made on whether to turn or drive forward. Development crosses innovation and market bits of knowledge. Generally, it is the way toward changing thoughts into items while advertise knowledge is recognizing customers’ needs in the market. Development may likewise include enhancements for a created item to improve acknowledgment in the market. The moderator diagrams different strides to the nail it at that point scales its procedure. There are five unmistakable stages. To start with, nail the agony. Second, nail the arrangement. The third stage includes nailing the go-to-showcase methodology. The fourth stage includes nailing the plan of action. The fifth stage is proportional it. Nailing the agony is recognizing the issue and the potential arrangements. Nailing the arrangement is choosing the best answer for the issue. Nailing the go-to-showcase technique includes advertising of the thought or item and assessing the view of possible clients. The plan of action has a few areas that require a location. It closes toward the culmination of the marketable strategy. Scaling the business involves knowing the expected contenders and deciding the size of the business. Plan of action canvas has nineâ key elements that a business must have.â

Edgar Degas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Edgar Degas - Research Paper Example He had originated from a family that was amazingly melodic: his mom was a show artist, however not an expert one, while his dad Auguste used to orchestrate presentations to be performed by artists in their home. Degas mother died when he was only thirteen years of age; from that point forward, the two his dad and granddad had an incredible impact in his life (Edgardegas.net, 2010). He learned at the Lycee Loius le Grand whereby he achieved a baccalaureat in writing in the year 1853. Degas started his life as a painter when he was as yet a young person of eighteen years of age; he had changed his space to be an artist’s studio and subsequent to graduating enlisted as a Louver copist. Auguste anyway was not for the possibility of his child turning into a painter, and he encouraged him to take on graduate school. In November 1853, Degas hesitantly went to consider law at the Faculty of Law at the University of Paris; nonetheless, he was not all that excited about it. At the point when he was as yet a copist, he delivered various duplicates of Raphel that were very amazing; chipping away at them, he considered different works done by contemporary painters with instances of Delacroix and Ingres (Edgardegas.net, 2010). In the year 1855 he was conceded into the Ecole Des Beaux-Art School in Paris, however subsequent to concentrating there just on year, he left school with the goal that he could take three years voyaging, contemplating and painting in Italy. There he painted meticulous duplicates of Michelangelo’s work, a prestigious Italian Renaissance painter, just as Da Vinci. He built up a traditional linearity veneration that was a separating trademark even of the cutting edge artistic creations he had done (Edgardegas.net, 2010). As per Growe, (2001), in 1859 Degas returned to Paris and made a name as a painter. He adopted the customary strategy whereby he painted huge pictures for the most part having a place with relatives and huge authentic scene s with instances of Semiramis Building Babylon, the girl of Jephtha and the Scene of middle Age war. He at that point went to present his attempts to a gathering of French instructors and craftsmen who might be responsible for shows that occurred out in the open. The gathering had very customary and inflexible thoughts of legitimate creative structure and excellence; in this way, it was apathetic regarding Degas works of art. In 1862, Degas got an opportunity of meeting Edouard Manet, a kindred painter at the Louver, and the two built up a cordial contention inside no time. In 1868 Degas was one of the significant individuals from the cutting edge craftsmen bunch that included Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Alfred Sisley. They used to meet normally as the Cafe Guerbois to talk about ways that specialists could use to communicate with the cutting edge world. The Franco-Prussian war started in July 1870, and Degas chose to elect to be a piece of the French National Guard. As the war was finishing in 1871, the Paris Commune assumed responsibility for the capital for around two months past to Adolphe Thiers proceeded to build up again the Third Republic at the hour of a wicked common war. So as to stay away from the Paris Commune tumult, Degas took a long excursion in New Orleans to visit his family members (Growe, 2001). Degas returned to Paris in 1873, and here he met with Sisley, Monet and a couple of different painters. They proceeded to shape the Societe Anonyme des Artistes which was a gathering that was committed to have displays which were not under the Salon’s control. The gathering would later come to be distinguished as the Impressionists in spite of the way that Degas liked the name â€Å"

Gallery Review - Nancy Lang Essay Example for Free

Exhibition Review Nancy Lang Essay Today, the ninth of March, I have known about the Pyo Gallery, and when I heard that it was in Wangjing, I changed my arrangement from heading off to the Dashanzi District to attempting the new spot. It was covered up in a few different exhibitions. I was fortunate to arrive before the presentation time was finished. The proprietor was a Korean, who mercifully clarified a few works of art for me. I was happy to discover that they right now had a presentation of Nancy Langs workmanship. I have for the longest time been itching to discover increasingly about Nancy Lang since the time I have seen her face to face at the workmanship toll I have been to, in Korea the previous summer. There was her trademark arrangement of Taboo Yogini works of art of which I have seen one bit of it previously. Among the entirety of the artworks that appeared to be comparable in generally size and picture, I favored this specific work of art the most. Nancy Lang is an American conceived Korean Pop craftsman who is exceptionally youthful and imaginative. This bit of her is named the Taboo Yogini, Swinger and has a tremendous size of 210 x 175 cm. She utilized blended media on canvas to make this enormous piece. This canvas was done in the year 2006, when she was 27. On this humungous canvas, there is a major character in the center which has the body of a robot and a leader of a young lady with some theoretical and darken figures as legs. The subject has a bin loaded with tennis balls in its correct hand. The light-blue foundation is strong with no worth. The most intriguing viewpoint about this workmanship piece is the puzzling figure set in the middle holding the watchers consideration. This piece looks more like a composition than a work of art with pictures joined on the screen. The positive space is the unparalleled subject on the canvas. The body, which has all the earmarks of being a robot, contains the three essential hues with a lot of white. These hues together structure an extravagant picture of a childs robot toy, drawing in the watchers eyes to the focal point of the figure, which is the place the head is set. A picture of the leader of a human young lady is utilized, comparing the robot body. In the figures right hand there is a bin of lime green tennis balls. In the lower some portion of the workmanship piece, as the legs of the primary subject there are two cloud figures that could be not really depicted. On the left side there is a fan formed quadrilateral imprinted on a sparkly material, and on the correct side there is a figure that appears to be a blend of veins and bones. The items don't appear to have any association between them, yet in general they get together very well shaping one tremendous body. The negative space is painted in one tone of light-blue, which encourages the subject to stick out. Dissimilar to its visual surface the genuine surface of the piece is exceptionally smooth simply like a work of art. Nancy Lang is renowned for her strange workmanship pieces and flighty exhibitions. She is a multi-skilled young lady who needs to be well known and rich, as indicated by her own words. She really has played a violin in a road wearing Victoria Secret undergarments and red high heels with kabuki style cosmetics. In her arrangement of Taboo Yogini, she stirs up various symbols to make a kind of cyborg that she announces to be the unexpected substance of the majority rule governments we live in. As indicated by her, this character Yogini, which initially implies a yoga learner, focuses to a presence between a holy messenger and demon. So the name of her arrangement Taboo Yogini is in a manner speaking to both great and awful. I think the half-robots that show up on her pieces additionally speak to Nancy Lang herself and the different various sides of her. Nancy Langs works of art are dark and hard to comprehend. At the point when I originally saw this piece, I was completely overwhelmed by the creative plan of the picture. Notwithstanding, I would never observe the amusing substance of the popular governments before I read the clarification. These otherworldly figures, which look practically like beasts, continue showing up on her canvases growing the watchers creative mind and understanding of them. In any case, I think they are lacking to plainly convey the creators genuine goal of making such pictures. In any case, it is inconceivable for one to see through the certified brain of a creator. I truly like Nancy Lang and her inventive soul. She fears nothing, even the ungainly gaze of others.

Personal Letter to University Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to University - Personal Statement Example The best purpose behind me to seek after college considers (state, post-auxiliary training) is to correspond my profession advantages and individual interests under a solitary rooftop. My own involvement in disparities in our (Afghanistan) culture constrained me to take a vow to utilize each chance to serve the penniless. As the wide hole among rich and poor is getting more extensive, the job of a social laborer is essential. Also, as an individual who speaks to underdeveloped nations, I am very much aware of the way that my obligation is high. In this way, I will likely get the right stuff and information that the undergrad program in social work can offer so as to have any kind of effect on the planet. Hence, I have decided to seek after a post-auxiliary instruction in Bachelor of Social Work since this course can assist me with appearing my own and profession objectives. As an individual with extreme esteem towards social work, my favored zone of study is Social Work and I am applying for Bachelor of Social Work at the York University. My future profession objectives are profoundly established in my own encounters. For instance, my own involvement with my homeland, for example Afghanistan spurred me a great deal to seek after a profession in social work. My ethnic way of life as an individual from Afghanistan, which faces the distinction/issue of inward revolts, characteristic catastrophes, deficiency in foundation advancement, poor day to day environment of the residents, and so on compel me to be in the cutting edge of social work. I feel very sure that an age with training and ceaseless desire towards social work can change the eventual fate of my country. Since I have moved to Canada, there still remains the desire in me to serve the general public inside my private and open area. Ming-whole Tsui in the work ‘Social work oversight: settings and concepts’ clarifies that preparation programs led by colleges changed the conventional social work situation (Tsui 7). Therefore, the most significant inspiration for my choice to

The sub-prime mortgage crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The sub-prime home loan emergency - Essay Example The US sub-prime emergency is the notable defining moment in the US economy and worldwide culture. It is the aftereffect of the breakdown of the theoretical air pocket in the lodging market that started to barge in 2006 and has had undulating impacts across numerous nations as money related disappointments and worldwide credit crunch. The present credit emergency which is the flood of the breakdown of the US sub-prime home loan market can be assessed by understanding the history which is related with it as far as the impacts it has had on the borrower just as the fiscal summaries of the banks, other money related foundations and the speculators in the home loan supported by protections around the globe (Walters, 2008). The home loan loaning market is separated in two divisions prime and sub-prime. Prime borrowers are set apart by high salary, solid FICO score and sound investment funds. Sub-prime home loans will be advances which are stretched out to borrowers who have low FICO ratin g, no investment funds, flawed record as a consumer and frail obligation to pay proportion. Sub-prime borrowers are viewed as more hazardous by the loaning organizations and are for the most part surveyed at higher financing costs than the prime borrowers. The sub-prime home loan advertise developed and thrived in the 1990’s. The new pattern of stretching out advances or acknowledge to borrowers for not exactly immaculate profiles was received in 1990’s and proceeded until 2005, bringing about expanded homeownership recording 64.1 % in 1993 and 68.9% in 2005(Carpenter,2008). The extension of sub-prime market improved the entrance of credit and brought about the blast in the land advertise. This likewise prompted the development of credit to those borrowers whose credit was imperfect. This period was additionally upheld by solid in general lodging market with expanding estimation of the home costs. In spite of the fact that this pattern didn't proceed and in 2006 the lo dging market started to back off, which brought about rising late home loan installments, dispossessions and defaults. This brought about the breakdown of the US sub-prime home loan advertise. The emergency had across the board sway on the borrowers, speculators, money related organizations, securitization, and home loan intermediary which prompted increasingly included government guideline. With the development of the sub-prime home loan for the bigger scope, there has advanced another term in the loaning scene 'savage loaning'. It was considered that to be sub-prime market expanded so did ruthless loaning in some structure or another. The Joint Report offered this definition: In a ruthless loaning circumstance, the gathering that starts the credit regularly gives falsehood, controls the borrower through forceful deals strategies, as well as exploits the borrower's absence of data about the advance terms and their outcomes. The outcomes are credits with burdensome terms and conditions that the borrower regularly can't reimburse, prompting dispossession or chapter 11 (Carpenter, 2008). This gets the morals applied in the loaning business where sub-prime loaning can be supported and savage loaning can be controlled utilizing administrative specialists. Possessing a house is respectable want characteristic for the bliss of the people. At the point when the framework conflicts with this righteousness and makes more harm to the gatherings concerned it turns into an across the board emergency. Sound moral practice applied to various fragments of the home loan industry will give a channel which will help comprehend this merciless lucrative apparatus from abusing the circumstance of nave clients or borrowers. The first run through home purchasers are cheerful and befuddled. It is a scary encounter for the borrowers particularly on the off chance that they have been declined credit on account of their pay or record as a consumer. It is a moving assignment to arrange the labyrinth of credit preparing which are overpowering as far as advance terms, charges, and financing reports. More often than not borrowers place their trust in the specialist or the loaning authority which starts the

Marketing Thesis Writing On Finances Sources Of Companies - 3025 Words

Marketing Thesis Writing On Finances Sources Of Companies (Thesis Sample) Content: FINANCES SOURCES FOR SELECTED COMPANIES (MERAK FILM S.r.L) FOUNDEDSINCE 1980By (Name)CourseTutorUniversityCity (state)DateEntrepreneurial FinanceIntroductionPeople say that the well-crafted work in the film business is conducted far from the glamour, the light, and the videos by the individuals or organizations who give funds to the films. Though this statement maybe an exaggeration, all it tries to imply is that film industry has not been open with its film financing process so that it can be accessed by potential financier CITATION Bau01 \l 1033 (Baumgarten, 2001).The kind of operation an organization takes is determined by the capital structure it adopts , if an Organisation has a very thin structure are limited to growth while those with a well-established capital structure experience continual growth and are able to attain a high level of competitiveness CITATION Bla03 \l 1033 (Blair, 2003). All the fundings received in an organizations from its various sources should then be, managed appropriately so that the organizations develop an enabling environment for growth,This report therefore is focused on how two companies acquire their fundings, these companies have been in existence since 1980 and they are in different countries, this report is aimed at comparing and contrasting the sources of fundings of the two companies. A clear description of these sources is drawn, the management of those funds and finally the report shows how the two companies utilize their sources of funds to enhance growth.The CompaniesMerak Film S.r.lMerak Film is an Italian company that was founded in 1980. Its main services include video and audio post production for cinema, television industry and dubbing. It also does lip-sync, planning, voice casting, audio playback and translaton.it is located in cologne Monzese in Italy.The other company addressed is called Proctor meats limited. It was founded in 1982 after the dissolution of Kenya Meats Company which was l ocated in the countrys capital Nairobi. The companys services are providing meat and other meat products CITATION Cow00 \l 1033 (Cowen, 2000).This report discusses in depth the various sources of funds available to these two companies and compares and contrasts them. In light of those financial sources, the report highlights how the two companies uses those funds to create their growth.Sources of funds for Merak Film S.r.LPublic sourcesThe financing of this company include both the public and private funds. The major public funding was a body concerned with films financial support in Italy CITATION DeV07 \l 1033 (DeVany, 2007). It supports film companies on behalf of the government. It usually happens in two various channels1. The review process and the finances decisions are tackled by one film consultant of their own. The role of the consultant is to access the market viability, the artistic nature of the film.2. Funding decisions are done on the basis of the films expected mark et potential.These two public funding systems, they still expect that the private sector can chip in and meet part of the budget. The private sector manages to meet at least 20-30% of the budgetOther sources of public fundings include TV fund and the Nordic film. This two sources provide the funds required for production of films and the distribution of the same in Italy. Public funding forms a strong financial base for the company as it covers 56% of the total amount required in meeting its production expectations. The funding that sped its growth (Parra and Kahn, 2001) was contributed by the public sources hence cause the company to become strong.Advantages of using Merak Film S.r.L using public funding,Public sources normally give money for free and any loans they lend go with a very low interest rate as compared to what one can outsource from the source from banks or any other credit offering institutions CITATION DeV07 \l 1033 (DeVany, 2007).DisadvantagesThere is a lot of bu reaucracy that is associated with this kind of money. It is comes with it red tapes and at times it is not available for some types of business CITATION DeV07 \l 1033 (DeVany, 2007). Very few people are in a position to access these funds. The process to is tedious and requires a lot of documentation that discourages people to follow to the later.These funds may periodically be affected by the budget issue. And depending on the report of the budget for a particular year, then the availability of funds is dependent on the results of that budget issue CITATION Fil07 \l 1033 (Facts and Figures 2006, 2007).Any funds provided by the government must be paid. This is regardless of whether the business is doing well or it is collapsing CITATION Nis11 \l 1033 (Choudhary., 2011). The company has to pay back the borrowed money together with the interest accrued.Private SourcesThe company also has a private financing structure which helped in the production of their films. The different cate gories of these private sources include * Producer * Distributor * Use of deferred paymentProducerThis money is invested by Merak Company incorporating other film production companies hence making it a form of equity investment. Private producers contributed 18% of the aggregate 6.8 million of Merak Film budgeted production cost. The average investment of the private producer covered equal shares for both production and distribution budgets.DistributorThe money that the distributor company invested. This on average represented the greatest share of the capital contributed by the private sources. Out of 2.6 million or 39% required by Merak Film S.r.L, required, it was given by the distributor making it almost twice as much as what the distributor gave out. . The money was distributed in both production and acquisition of the materials required for production of films. Some distributors contribute deferments and when this is combined with the cash it raises their capital investment in the company.DefermentsThese are costs budgeted on both production and distribution of films that are to be paid on a delayed basis not out of the budgets but from the films revenue. They are done by the production and post-production companies in addition to what producers and distributors gave out. These companies include 1 Suppliers 2 Directors 3 Writers 4 CinematographersThe total amount covered by this deferments was 21% of the total private capital.Advantages of using private sources as a source of funding. * The risk is distributed and it is not solely carried the company CITATION Bod04 \l 1033 (Bodington, 2004). * The investors will keep funding the business so long as they receive their returns,DisadvantagesAn element of control over the company is given up, this is because, and investors need to be pleased even if one is the majority interest retainer.All profits are also shared with any other party that aids in funding the business CITATION Nis11 \l 1033 (Choudhary., 20 11).Recommendations for Merak Films regarding its sources of capitalThe only way that this company can ensure that it retains its sources of finances is through ensuring that the investors get a positive return in the long run. The funds acquired through this various sources to ensure that it is well invested so as to guarantee the growth of the business CITATION Placeholder15 \l 1033 (Rudman, 2004).Ways Merak used funds to ensure its growthThe key factor in the success of every business is planning, a business should regularly review the business plan it has so as to ensure that the goals and objectives are met. The performance of the business should also be reviewed on a regular basis CITATION Wil00 \l 1033 (Williamson, 2000). This ensures that a good strategic growth path is established.Merak took advantage of the strong production levels in Italy. Films produces in Italy have improved their market share. Public funding have played a major role in ensuring the growth of Merak a s a company. The general conditions for a project financing are that, if a project is financing itself, it should be able to source all the required fundings without receiving any support from the public or private sector. (Finnerty, 1996). Having a small home market, and challenges of low level of export Merak has been able to incorporate the art of attracting both the public and private fundings. TV pre-sales is one of the way they used to source funds. In this case, the producer chooses to sell their television distribution rights before the film is taken for production and then uses that as license fee as capital.Merak had direct equity investment with two films into the production majorly from the television companies, the investment was combined with a pre-sale which split the companys financial contribution. This gave them tremendous return on investment.Proctor meats limited.Proctor meats limited commonly known as protg is a company dealing with meats under the Kenya meat c ommission. The company was founded in 1982 after the dissolution of Kenya Meats Company which was located in the countries capital, Nairobi. Kenya Meats Company was declared solvent after becoming bankrupt and it was unable to meet its production cost resulting to bad losses there before. The company upon a court ruling was liquidated and major shareholders who had previously served as directors teamed up to form the current proctor meats which is currently a public company owned by shareholders based on the one man one vote strategy; shares ar...

College Tuitions

College Tuitions January 4, 2013 The cost of college tuition seems to only go up. Physics teaches us that what goes up must come down, but college tuition has for years defied the principles of our universe. For the 2012-2013 academic year, Sarah Lawrence College ranks as the single most expensive university in the United States at $61,236. Coming in as the second most expensive university in the nation is New York University at $59,837. In third is Harvey Mudd College at $58,913.  In fourth comes the most expensive Ivy League college Columbia University. With a tuition of $58,742, going to school in the most expensive city in America raises that sticker price. In fifth is Wesleyan University with a tuition of $58,202. In sixth comes Claremont McKenna College with an annual tuition of $58,065.  With the seventh highest tuition in the nation, Dartmouth College ranks as the second most expensive Ivy League college at $57,996 per year. Drexel University comes next with a tuition price of $57,975. The University of Chicago comes in at $57,711, while Bard College comes in at $57,580 a year. Do you think its odd that some universities in big cities rank as some of Americas most expensive schools while so too do some universities in rural or suburban areas? As an example, Columbia is in New York, New York. Dartmouth is in small-town Hanover, New Hampshire. And yet their tuition prices are not very far apart. Why do you think that is? Let us know your thoughts on the matter by posting below! And do you think college tuitions will ever drop?

About Charles Garnier, the Designer of the Paris Opera

Inspired by Roman pageantry, architect Charles Garnier (born November 6, 1825 in Paris, France) wanted his buildings to have drama and spectacle. His design for the magnificent Paris Opà ©ra on the Place de lOpà ©ra in Paris combined the classicism of Renaissance architecture with ornate Beaux Arts ideas. Jean Louis Charles Garnier was born into a working class family. He was expected to become a wheelwright like his father. However Garnier wasnt healthy and his mother didnt want him to work in a forge. So, the boy took mathematics courses at the École Gratuite de Dessin. His mother hoped he would get good, steady work as a surveyor, but Charles Garnier achieved much greater success. In 1842 Garnier began studies with Louis-Hippolyte Lebas at the École Royale des Beaux-Arts de Paris. In 1848 he won the Premier Grand Prix de Rome and was off to Italy to study at the Academy in Rome. Garnier spent five years in Rome, traveling throughout Greece and Turkey, and being inspired by Roman pageantry.   Still in his 20s, Garnier aspired to design buildings that had the drama of a pageant. The highlight Charles Garniers career was his commission to design the Opà ©ra in Paris. Built between  1857 and 1874,   the Paris Opera quickly became Garniers masterpiece. With its magnificent hall and grand staircase, the design combines opulence for its patrons with remarkable acoustics for the performers. The palatial Opera House has become known as Palais Garnier.   Garniers opulent style reflected the fashion that became popular during Napoleon IIIs Second Empire. Garniers other architecture includes the Casino at Monte Carlo in Monaco, another opulent complex for the wealthy elite, and the Italian villas Bischoffsheim and Garnier in Bordighera. Several other buildings in Paris, including the Panorama Marigny theatre and Hotel du Cercle de la Librairie, cannot compare with his grand masterpieces. The architect died in Paris on August 3, 1898. Why is Garnier Important? Many people might say that Garniers importance is his creation of a house for The Phantom of the Opera. Professor Talbot Hamlin suggests otherwise, pointing out that despite the oversumptuous detail of the Opà ©ra in Paris, the architectural style was imitated for decades because there is a magnificent clarity in the general appearance, both outside and in. Hamlin notes that Garnier conceived the Opà ©ra in Paris in three parts—the stage, the auditorium, and the vestibules. Each of these three units was then developed with the greatest richness possible, but always in such a way as to accent its relationship to the other two. It is this logic as the supreme quality that was being taught at École des Beaux-Arts and perfectly executed by Garnier. A buildings logic, the basic relationships in buildings, was founded on common sense, directness, emphasis of the most important elements, and expression of purpose. This insistence on open and logical planning and on the clarity of basic expression was vitally necessary to the solution of new architectural problems, writes Professor Hamlin. Architecture became a matter of disciplined study of plan relationships. Learn More: Charles Garniers Paris Opera: Architectural Empathy and the Renaissance of French Classicism by Christopher Mead, MIT Press, 1991Charles Garniers Opà ©ra: Architecture and Exterior Decor by Gà ©rard Fontaine, 2000Charles Garniers Opera: Architecture and Interior Decor by Gà ©rard Fontaine, 2004Paris Opera House: Scale Architectural Paper Model by Jean-William Hanoteau, 1987 Source: Architecture through the Ages by Talbot Hamlin, Putnam, Revised 1953, pp. 599-600

Dracula s Power The Weaknesses Of The East During Great...

Dracula’s overwhelming supernatural power is first introduced by Jonathan Harker as he witnesses the â€Å"swept [of] his long arms, as though brushing aside some impalpable obstacle, the wolves fell back and back further still† (20). Knowing that Dracula can command wolves at his will, will send chills down anyone’s spine if they have to make Dracula their enemy. Bram Stoker created a monster that possesses a wide range of powers like: commanding wolves and rats, transformation into animal forms and mist, immense strength, restoring youthfulness by drinking human blood, turning victims into vampires, and being able to control the minds of his victims. With all that being said, Dracula’s power does have its limitations like not knowing his†¦show more content†¦Jonathan concludes that, â€Å"[Dracula] a man who never in the country; and who did not evidently do much in the way of business, his knowledge and acumen were wonderful† (37). F or Jonathan, Dracula seems like a brilliant man and he is, but to readers Dracula is simply testing the waters to make sure it is safe to enter. Dracula has been living at his castle in Transylvania for a long time, and barely makes any contact with the rapidly growing outside world. This is very similar to the far East, because they have a long history, but chooses to keep to themselves until the Europeans start to invade their land. The East started to modernize after the West was far ahead in development of new technology and science. The East starts to fall behind, and their slow response to catch up to the West made them susceptible to invasion. Dracula also made himself vulnerable when he carelessly reveals his hideout in the castle to Jonathan. Jonathan makes several trips to Dracula’s room, and one time he discovers â€Å"in one of the great boxes [. . .] lay the Count!† (50). This initial encounter with Dracula during his sleep strikes fear in Jonathan, and he quickly withdrew from the room. Dracula has no intention of changing his hideout, which gave Jonathan another chance to stumble upon his sleeping body. This time Jonathan picks up a shovel and strikes â€Å"the hateful face† of Dracula (54). If Jonathan knows the proper way to

Urban Growth During the Gilded Age Social, Cultural,...

Rodrigo Sanchez Urban Growth during the Gilded Age: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Changes One of the most notable times during the late 19th century was the Gilded Age. This is a term often used to describe this time period since from the outside looking in urban life in America seemed perfect, but in reality, many citizens did not like the changes that were occurring. Since the verb gild means to cover with or as if with a thin coating of gold[1], historians often refer to this time period as â€Å"the Gilded Age†. New ideals about poverty, social reforms, different political approaches, and a new women’s culture brought forth political, economic, social, and cultural changes in urban growth during the†¦show more content†¦Different views on poverty altered urban life as well. Those who were better off economically saw poverty as a weakness. They believed the poor were poor because of a lack of work ethic and determination, this theory was known as Social Darwinis m. This theory is emphasized by Andrew Carnegie who, in his book Wealth, states that it is â€Å"much better great inequality than universal squalor† (Document A). Not only are those his thoughts about poverty, but he also finds it â€Å"essential for the future progress of the race† (Document A). This belief was shared by many successful entrepreneurs. There were, however, those who did not share this idea. There were those who believed the poor were poor due to their surroundings and the lack of opportunities they had. Such individuals include Jacob A. Riis. In his book, How the Other Half Lives, Riis says, â€Å"If it shall appear that the sufferings and the sins of the ‘other half’, and the evil they breed, are but as just punishment upon the community that gave it no other choice, it will be because that is the truth† (Document H). Riis puts the blame on the community, not on people themselves. This belief is also shared by Jane Addams, who aft er helping out a German immigrant realized that she didn’t need charity, since she had an â€Å"immense capacity†, but the service of the state’s attorney (Document J). These different views on poverty ultimately changed urban life by starting a social reform movement, which willShow MoreRelatedDuring the 19th century, America was going through an important transition. The nation was dealing1300 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 19th century, America was going through an important transition. The nation was dealing with the aftermath of the civil war and the following reconstruction of the South. The Reconstruction period was the precursor to the period deemed the â€Å"Gilded Age†. The nation saw economic growth and the creation of the mass market. The rise of industrialization and transition to urban living were some of the defining moments of this period. However, the most defining idea of the Gilded Age is Reform:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age1348 Words   |  6 Pagesa major text in Gilded Age historiography because Edwards encompasses social, political, and economic history, weaving them together into a cohesive narrative. Critics mention her lack of footnotes (but are quick to point out that her extensive â€Å"for further reading† sections help to balance this) and that her emphasis on cohesion may be overstated. Edward’s thesis is that the Gilded Age was not a patently bad time in American history, but that America underwent tremendous change, ushering it intoRead MoreCultural Change and Shifting Views of America Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Change and Shifting Views of America Tina Hudaifa ARTS/125 – Pop Culture and the Arts Professor: Kevin Ballard April 20, 2015 Cultural Change and Shifting View in America ManyRead MoreThe past century saw major developments in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe past century saw major developments in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the United States as it grew from a burgeoning industrial nation to the world’s leading superpower. By the 1900s, giant firms such as Carneige Steel, The Standard Oil Trust, among a few others controlled 2/5th of the nation’s marketing capital. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of industrial workers and even though the American society was growing wealthier overall, there were several thousandsRead MoreUrbanization During The United States1247 Words   |  5 Pages Every settled nation will at some point go through urbanization – the mass movement to urban areas. In the United States, one of the largest examples of urbanization was in the time period 1865 to 1910. By 1900, almost forty percent of all Americans lived i n urban towns and cities. This rapid movement brought about substantial change in all aspects of the country. Some aspects were altered more than others, for example society as a whole, the economy, and city government. Urbanization has had aRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 PagesNearly all social classes felt its benefits. Workers rights improved, taxes were lowered, technology advanced, and industry boomed. The war was brutal and the roaring twenties were a chance for the United States to put the past behind and enjoy the fruits of a new culture and a thriving economy. Post WW1 American society advancements in technology created the first generation exposed to multiple forms of media and therefore created a more common exposure to distributed ideas. The political situationRead More2.) To What Extent Did The Coming Of The Harlem Renaissance1483 Words   |  6 Pages2.) To what extent did the coming of the Harlem Renaissance represent a social and Cultural Revolution in the United States? Did all accept this renaissance? The Harlem Renaissance gave the black race new culture identity. The renaissance was very artistic, musical and literary. There were more black writers during this time. Not as many as white, but still it was a movement in the black identity. They were showing America that they could do as much as whites could and do it as good. The HarlemRead MoreThe American Cities During The Colonial Era2048 Words   |  9 PagesLarge amounts of people came from all over the world to the American cities during the colonial era. One of the main reasons why people migrated was because they were seeking religious freedom and better economic opportunity. In the American cities, there were more resources available to the people s uch as information that could be easily accessed, better paying jobs, high quality food supply, and transportation was provided and sometimes since the factories were located within the cities you didn’tRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 Pageswhat extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century? (83) 3. In the two decades before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, there was a profound shift in the way many Americans thought and felt about the British government and their colonial governments. Assess the validity of this statement in view of the political and constitutional debates of these decades. (89) 4. Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of BritishRead MoreHistory 122 Midterm Study Questions Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER 16 Question 1 All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT: d)   low tariffs. Question 2 By 1890, the majority of Americans: e)   worked for wages. Question 3 The second industrial revolution was marked by: d)   the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. Question 4 The ____________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America. b)

Cultural Differences And Diversity Of The Australian Media

The Australian media plays a prominent role in influencing the way society makes sense of the world and its relations with others through portraying certain dominant discourses of politics, cultures and current affairs. Through this it can have positive and negative effects on cultural differences experienced within multicultural Australia. This essay will discuss the discourses that are prevalent in commercial and non-commercial television about cultural differences and diversity, and how this can either promote or denounce the inclusiveness of communities or allowing alternative voices to be heard. The media narrates contemporary problems or stories in society in a way that can have a significant influence on how its viewers understand†¦show more content†¦When commercial television is discussing and prevailing such dominant discourses about ideas of marriage, terrorism, socio economic statuses, mental health, politics and other cultures, it has the ability to disempower difference through only explaining these issues from one view point of view or a singular representation. This constant widespread negative coverage of minorities or other cultures can misguide Australian attitudes and viewpoints, to further reaffirm certain prejudices or biases by only being exposed to the negative actions of a group (Jacobs Kershen 2011). This Symbolic violence can describe minorities in a way that leaves them voiceless, ignored and condemned through media and the views of larger society (Venzo Hess 2013). When ethnic minorities are shown in a prominent role on commercial televisio n or a news segment, it is usually in relation to crime and disorder or from being a perceived social threat to the Australian culture or way of life (Phillips 2011). Although all broadcasting media need to follow protocols within their policies to avoid representing ethnic and religious communities in ways that are discriminatory within their practice, it is still conducted in a way that disempowers these communities and maintains the prejudices against them (Phillips 2011). An example of this is howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diversity ANZ Bank1307 Words   |  6 PagesANZ Bank After analysing the ANZ diversity policy, I have identified two key business objectives they are trying to pursue. The first being the ageing population within Australia and the second being an international expansion into Asian economies. 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This forms under the basis of which the media should not promote prejudice and intolerance of these issues. Ultimately, the regulation aims to terminate potentially harmful images from the media, protect adults from spontaneous material that is likely offensive against social values. Minimal requirements are necessary for Australian content on digital media outlets such as television or radio, so as to prohibit overseasRead MoreSocial Inequality And Stereotyping Cultures From Political Power1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthe argument of how the one off multicultural events can be seen as racist, fostering social-inequality and stereotyping cultures from political power. It will also outline how educators with the right strategies and planning can foster valuable cultural experiences and cultivate socio-equality with their students and their school communities. Multicultural education is the term used most frequently in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada, with the term intercultural educationRead MoreMulticulturalism and the Benefits of Migration in Australia1678 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian Parliament Joint Standing Committee on Migration Submission No. 3 MULTICULTURALISM AND THE BENEFITS OF MIGRATION IN AUSTRALIA SUBMISSION: Committee Secretary, Joint Standing Committee on Migration House of Representatives, Parliament House, Canberra ACT 2600 NH 28 February, 2011 The beginnings of white migration and multiculturalism in Australia saw our British forefathers arriving in boats on the shores of the â€Å"land down under†. Boat loads of prisoners – reluctant migrantsRead MoreCultural Competency And Health Care1462 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural competency is secure, respectful, reciprocal relationships and partnerships, which respects for diversity and obey expectations and equity. In today’s society, cultural competency is quite important to the worldwide healthcare due to the cultural differences. In Melbourne, Australia, Monash Health is a community service in the local government area (LGA) of Monash. In order to demonstrate the features and importance of cultural competency, details of this community (Monash) are going toRead MoreImproving Awareness Of The Indigenous Peoples And Cultures1478 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale: The lesson sequence targets AITSL Standard 2.4 and affords Indigenous Australian peoples justice by helping to destroy misconceptions about them, their histories and their cultures. Unfortunately, Australian schools have been identified as a major setting of race-based discrimination (Lester, 2000, p.12). 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Culture is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, beliefs, moral goals, values, and behaviour. Social-Cultural inclusivity is the crucial element for teaching language and literacy in the classroom. Discussing language as an object; cultural diversity; Vygotsky’s theory; significance of Bilingual children; the effects of social class; significance of multiliteracies in the classroom; awareness of post-structuralism; the importanceRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors Of A Student s Life And Lower Academic Outcomes1711 Words   |  7 Pageslow socioeconomic status is an important issue for teachers to explore to mitigate disadvantage in this segment of the population. This is evident from research that points to a positive correlation with wealth and student achievement. In the Australian context, the positive correlation between student achievement and socioeconomic background is stronger compared to student achievement in other Western countries (Ewing, 2013, p. 78). Families with higher socioeconomic status are better equipped

Descriptive Statistics free essay sample

There are two main branches of statistics: descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is used to say something about a set of information that has been collected only. Inferential statistics is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using information gathered about a small part of that population. Thus, inferential statistics involves generalizing beyond the data, something that descriptive statistics does not do. Other distinctions are sometimes made between data types. Discrete data are whole numbers, and are usually a count of objects. (For instance, one study might count how many pets different families own; it wouldn’t make sense to have half a goldfish, would it? ) †¢ Measured data, in contrast to discrete data, are continuous, and thus may take on any real value. (For example, the amount of time a group of children spent watching TV would be measured data, since they could watch any number of hours, even though their wa tching habits will probably be some multiple of 30 minutes. ) †¢ Numerical data are numbers. Categorical data have labels (i. e. words). (For example, a list of the products bought by different families at a grocery store would be categorical data, since it would go something like {milk, eggs, toilet paper, . . . }. ) Scales of Measurement Statistical information, including numbers and sets of numbers, has specific qualities that are of interest to researchers. These qualities, including magnitude, equal intervals, and absolute zero, determine what scale of measurement is being used and therefore what statistical procedures are est. Magnitude refers to the ability to know if one score is greater than, equal to, or less than another score. Equal intervals means that the possible scores are each an equal distance from each other. And finally, absolute zero refers to a point where none of the scale exists or where a score of zero can be assigned. When we combine these three scale qualities, we can determine that there are four scales of measurement. The lowest level is the nomi nal scale, which represents only names and therefore has none of the three qualities. A list of students in alphabetical order, a list of favorite cartoon characters, or the names on an organizational chart would all be classified as nominal data. The second level, called ordinal data, has magnitude only, and can be looked at as any set of data that can be placed in order from greatest to lowest but where there is no absolute zero and no equal intervals. Examples of this type of scale would include Likert Scales and the Thurstone Technique. The third type of scale is called an interval scale, and possesses both magnitude and equal intervals, but no absolute zero. Temperature is a classic example of an interval scale because we know that each degree is the same distance apart and we can easily tell if one temperature is greater than, equal to, or less than another. Temperature, however, has no absolute zero because there is (theoretically) no point where temperature does not exist. Finally, the fourth and highest scale of measurement is called a ratio scale. A ratio scale contains all three qualities and is often the scale that statisticians prefer because the data can be more easily analyzed. Age, height, weight, and scores on a 100-point test would all be examples of ratio scales. If you are 20 years old, you not only know that you are older than someone who is 15 years old (magnitude) but you also know that you are five years older (equal intervals). With a ratio scale, we also have a point where none of the scale exists; when a person is born his or her age is zero. Random Sampling The first statistical sampling method is simple random sampling. In this method, each item in the population has the same probability of being selected as part of the sample as any other item. For example, a tester could randomly select 5 inputs to a test case from the population of all possible valid inputs within a range of 1-100 to use during test execution, To do this the tester could use a random number generator or simply put each number from 1-100 on a slip of paper in a hat, mixing them up and drawing out 5 numbers. Random sampling can be done with or without replacement. If it is done without replacement, an item is not returned to the population after it is selected and thus can only occur once in the sample. Systematic Sampling Systematic sampling is another statistical sampling method. In this method, every nth element from the list is selected as the sample, starting with a sample element n randomly selected from the first k elements. For example, if the population has 1000 elements and a sample size of 100 is needed, then k would be 1000/100 = 10. If number 7 is randomly selected from the first ten elements on the list, the sample would continue down the list selecting the 7th element from each group of ten elements. Care must be taken when using systematic sampling to ensure that the original population list has not been ordered in a way that introduces any non-random factors into the sampling. An example of systematic sampling would be if the auditor of the acceptance test process selected the 14th acceptance test case out of the first 20 test cases in a random list of all acceptance test cases to retest during the audit process. The auditor would then keep adding twenty and select the 34th test case, 54th test case, 74th test case and so on to retest until the end of the list is reached. Stratified Sampling The statistical sampling method called stratified sampling is used when representatives from each subgroup within the population need to be represented in the sample. The first step in stratified sampling is to divide the population into subgroups (strata) based on mutually exclusive criteria. Random or systematic samples are then taken from each subgroup. The sampling fraction for each subgroup may be taken in the same proportion as the subgroup has in the population. For example, if the person conducting a customer satisfaction survey selected random customers from each customer type in proportion to the number of customers of that type in the population. For example, if 40 samples are to be selected, and 10% of the customers are managers, 60% are users, 25% are operators and 5% are database administrators then 4 managers, 24 uses, 10 operators and 2 administrators would be randomly selected. Stratified sampling can also sample an equal number of items from each subgroup. For example, a development lead randomly selected three modules out of each programming language used to examine against the coding standard. Cluster Sampling The fourth statistical sampling method is called cluster sampling, also called block sampling. In cluster sampling, the population that is being sampled is divided into groups called clusters. Instead of these subgroups being homogeneous based on a selected criteria as in stratified sampling, a cluster is as heterogeneous as possible to matching the population. A random sample is then taken from within one or more selected clusters. For example, if an organization has 30 small projects currently under development, an auditor looking for compliance to the coding standard might use cluster sampling to randomly select 4 of those projects as representatives for the audit and then randomly sample code modules for auditing from just those 4 projects. Cluster sampling can tell us a lot about that particular cluster, but unless the clusters are selected randomly and a lot of clusters are sampled, generalizations cannot always be made about the entire population. For example, random sampling from all the source code modules written during the previous week, or all the modules in a particular subsystem, or all modules written in a particular language may cause biases to enter the sample that would not allow statistically valid generalization. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. In any form of research, true random sampling is always difficult to achieve. Most researchers are bounded by time, money and workforce and because of these limitations, it is almost impossible to randomly sample the entire population and it is often necessary to employ another sampling technique, the non-probability sampling technique. In contrast with probability sampling, non-probability sample is not a product of a randomized selection processes. Subjects in a non-probability sample are usually selected on the basis of their accessibility or by the purposive personal judgment of the researcher. The downside of this is that an unknown proportion of the entire population was not sampled. This entails that the sample may or may not represent the entire population accurately. Therefore, the results of the research cannot be used in generalizations pertaining to the entire population. TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING CONVENIENCE SAMPLING Convenience sampling is probably the most common of all sampling techniques. With convenience sampling, the samples are selected because they are accessible to the researcher. Subjects are chosen simply because they are easy to recruit. This technique is considered easiest, cheapest and least time consuming. CONSECUTIVE SAMPLING Consecutive sampling is very similar to convenience sampling except that it seeks to include ALL accessible subjects as part of the sample. This non-probability sampling technique can be considered as the best of all non-probability samples because it includes all subjects that are available that makes the sample a better representation of the entire population. QUOTA SAMPLING Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the researcher nsures equal or proportionate representation of subjects depending on which trait is considered as basis of the quota. For example, if basis of the quota is college year level and the researcher needs equal representation, with a sample size of 100, he must select 25 1st year students, another 25 2nd year students, 25 3rd year and 25 4th year students. The bases of the quota are usually age, gender, education, race, religion and socioeconomic status. JUDGMENTAL SAMPLING Judgmental sampling is more commonly known as purposive sampling. In this type of sampling, subjects are chosen to be part of the sample with a specific purpose in mind. With judgmental sampling, the researcher believes that some subjects are more fit for the research compared to other individuals. This is the reason why they are purposively chosen as subjects. SNOWBALL SAMPLING Snowball sampling is usually done when there is a very small population size. In this type of sampling, the researcher asks the initial subject to identify another potential subject who also meets the criteria of the research. The downside of using a snowball sample is that it is hardly representative of the population. WHEN TO USE NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING This type of sampling can be used when demonstrating that a particular trait exists in the population. * It can also be used when the researcher aims to do a qualitative, pilot or exploratory study. * It can be used when randomization is impossible like when the population is almost limitless. * It can be used when the research does not aim to generate results that will be used to create generalizations pertaining to the entire population. It is also useful when the researcher has limited budget, time and workforce. * This technique can also be used in an initial study which will be carried out again using a randomized, probability sampling. Definition of Statistics Statistics like many other sciences is a developing discipline. It is not nothing static. It has gradually developed during last few centuries. In different times, it has been defined in diff erent manners. Some definitions of the past look very strange today but those definitions had their place in their own time. Defining a subject has always been difficult task. A good definition of today may be discarded in future. It is difficult to define statistics. Some of the definitions are reproduced here: (1) The kings and rulers in the ancient times were interested in their manpower. They conducted census of population to get information about their population. They used information to calculate their strength and ability for wars. In those days statistics was defined as â€Å"the science of kings, political and science of statecraft† 2) A. L. Bowley defined statistics as â€Å"statistics is the science of counting† This definition places the entries stress on counting only. A common man also thinks as if statistics is nothing but counting. This used to be the situation but very long time ago. Statistics today is not mere counting of people, counting of animals, counting of trees and counting of fighting force. It has now grown to a rich methods of data analysis and interpretation. (3 ) A. L. Bowley has also defined as â€Å"science of averages† This definition is very simple but it covers only some area of statistics. Average is very simple important in statistics. Experts are interested in average deaths rates, average birth rates, average increase in population, and average increase in per capita income, average increase in standard of living and cost of living, average development rate, average inflation rate, average production of rice per acre, average literacy rate and many other averages of different fields of practical life. But statistics is not limited to average only. There are many other statistical tools like measure of variation, measure of correlation, measures of independence etc†¦ Thus this definition is weak and incomplete and has been buried in the past. (4) Prof: Boddington has defined statistics as â€Å"science of estimate and probabilities† This definition covers a major part of statistics. It is close to the modern statistics. But it is not complete because it stress only on probability. There are some areas of statistics in which probability is not used. (5) A definition due to W. I. King is â€Å"the science of statistics is the method of judging collection, natural or social phenomena from the results obtained from the analysis or enumeration or collection of estimates†. This definition is close to the modern statistics. But it does not cover the entire scope of modern statistics. Secrist has given a detailed definition of statistics in plural sense. His definition is given on the previous. He has not given any importance to statistics in singular sense. Statistics both in the singular and the plural sense has been combined in the following definition which is accepted as the modern definition of statistics. statistics are the numerical statement of facts capable of analysis and interpretation and the science of statistics is the study of the principles and the methods applied in collecting, presenting, analysis and interpreting the numerical data in any field of inquiry. † sta ·tis ·tics (st-tstks)n. 1. (used with a sing. verb) The mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling. 2. (used with a pl. verb) Numerical data.

Early pregnancy free essay sample

Early pregnancy is considered â€Å"socially problematic† such as : broken families, discrimination and some teenagers feel they all alone. In addition, people believes that being pregnant in an early age are at the high risk for poor health outcomes during pregnancy such as checkups ,vitamins and even exercise and it is a result of being a child mother because they are young not to know what the right things to do. And even in the child birth she didn’t know how to care with her baby because she’s too young. And in the process of growing up of her child most of them does not able to teach a good attitude to their child because even them their parents haven’t teach them well so the history repeat itself. But in the other way around some child mother care, teach and give their all attention to their baby because they don’t want that their baby would be same after them. Their parents must also help them to know more about the privacy and the sacredness of having sex. Teens can become pregnant as a result of sexual abuse or rape. Between 43 and 62 percent of teen sacknowledge that they were impregnated by an adult male, and two-thirds report that their babies fathers are as old as 27. Approximately 5 percent of all teen births are the result of a rape. Teen drinking can cause an unexpected pregnancy, according to the website Love to Know. Many teens experiment with drugs and alcohol. Drinking lowers a teens ability to control her impulses, contributing to 75 percent of pregnancies that occur between the ages 14 and 21. Approximately 91 percent of pregnant teens reported that although they were drinking at the time, they did not originally plan to have sex when they conceived. How to prevent Early Pregnancy? Teenagers must control and abstain theirselves and wait for the right time. Only married couples are legal to have sex because sex is very sacred.

The Depiction of Women in Three Escapist Fictions free essay sample

A comparison of the depiction of women in Geoffrey Chaucers The Tale of the Wife of Bath, Ian Flemings From Russia with Love and Sheri Teppers Beauty. This essay explores how three influential writers, Geoffrey Chaucer, Ian Flemming and Sheri Tepper, from three different eras have depicted women in their writing. The portrayal of females by each writer is explored separately and then contrasted with that of the other writers. Specific examples and characters from these literary masterpieces are used to support the authors argument. The author provides an analysis of the different ways in which women have been depicted throughout the history of literature The representation of women in literature has been the focus of much research conducted by both feminists and literature critics, particularly over the last thirty years. Sheri Teppers Beauty, Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Bath and Ian Flemings From Russia with Love, are all examples of escapist fiction in which the attitudes towards women play a key role in the theme of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Depiction of Women in Three Escapist Fictions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite the claim that escapist fiction is isolated from the world in which its author lives, the values of both the author and the society in which he or she lives are reflected in their writing. The Wife of Bath, written in the fourteenth century, represents females as identical member of one group, all possessing the same faults and desires. Fleming, writing in 1957, depicts women differently again, categorizing them into two extreme stereotypes: the dominant, aggressive female and the submissive, naive female.

Aspects of Literature

Aspects of Literature Authored by Margaret Fuller, The Great Lawsuit is a must is, â€Å"They, too, raised the cry; God is living, all is his, and all created beings are brothers, for they are his children† (Miller 23). These were the triumphant moments; but as we have said, man slept and selfishness awoke.† This shows how the selfishness of men made them to mind their own interests. In â€Å"The Great Lawsuit†, Fuller presents herself as the persona in addressing the key themes in her works. She also depicts illustrations of men and women as personas in bringing forward her ideas. Images, Metaphors and schemes are styles employed in literature to advance the intended message. The author uses various images and metaphors in her work which makes it interesting. A good illustration of metaphor used is â€Å"We feel that the mind may grow black and rancid in the smoke† (Dickenson 45). This means that men are hypocrites often doing contrary to what they say. Ideologies are someoneâ €™s predispositions or thinking perspectives. Fuller adopts a mythology or ideologies that all people are equal regardless of gender, profession and religion amongst other parameters. A good example that illustrates the ideologies of the author is, All men are born free and equal (Dickenson 12). Fuller’s work borrows much from culture and historical practices that society has been observing. She endeavors to bring into existence a new leaf on how people should relate and socialize. She wrestles with various technologies some including the place of a woman in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women are not given the full attention with their full capability not fully explored. She believes that things will only change when women will rise up to other occasions and lead their fellow women towards independence (Miller 34).This has seen drastic changes in today’s life as women have taken up their roles in different facets of life. Fuller’s work represents the reality and the social injustices that various communities go through. There has been effort by various parties to ensure that all men and women are able to exploit their full potential in life. Therefore, it is true that her work has played a key role in shaping the current today. Dickenson, Donna. Margaret Fuller: Writing a Womans Life. New York: St. Martins Press, 1993. Miller, Edwin. Salem Is My Dwelling Place: A Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Lowa City: University of Lowa Press, 1991.

2.Critically examine and compare urban planning cultures in developed Essay

2.Critically examine and compare urban planning cultures in developed and developing countries and discuss how such cultures have evolved or been adapted to the - Essay Example h planners may continue to wish for a world like it existed earlier where they did not have such numerous factors to take into account before even beginning to plan any town, but such a probability has been closed on the human civilization forever. What remains now to be done is to ensure that whatever planning is now being done in urban areas all over the world, they are established on sustainable grounds. The only way to find out which patterns of planning towns will prove to be sustainable however, is to study the already evolved planning techniques by the developed world and compare between them what should be the best mode for developing towns when it comes to countries which are presently undergoing urbanization. The issue being addressed in this paper is to critically examine and compare urban planning cultures in developed and developing countries and discuss how such cultures have evolved or been adapted to the different development planning challenges being faced in those c ountries. Britain- the first of the European Union countries to become industrialised, had only around 3% of its labour force concerned with the agricultural activities, while almost 80% of its population had become urban by the year it had joined EU that is the year of 1973. Therefore for countries like Britain and even the United Sates or Japan for that matter almost any kind of town planning is mostly urban town planning. The change in patterns of planning however has occurred with time in countries like Great Britain. For instance, the difference between the local town and country planning introduced by the historic Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 and the system which replaced to under the Town and Country Planning Act of 1968 is that of details (Taylor 1998). It was argued in the 1960s that planning should not be focussed on minute details in fact it should be based on generalised and diagrammatic picture of the spatial distributions at any point of time, only filling in

The Features And Problems Of The Educational Process Essay

The Features And Problems Of The Educational Process - Essay Example He insists that education is on the level of psychological and sociological, these two are combined to mold an individual in the society to be their own person in the civilized society that is and continues to be, it trains them to have use of all their capabilities. He purposes school as a social institution that should be used to simplify life for the young minds so that they do not become confused or have their capabilities develop prematurely (Dewey 463). It expounds and forms the social life that is installed at home, the information imparted in schools and lessons learned is a preparation for the future. The teachers in the school should not control or command the kids rather see influences that will positively affect the child’s future and examinations that test the child’s fitness for social life. The social life of a child is based on their social activities, thus the subject matter of the education taught in schools should progress civilization (Dewey 464). It should not be objective but help interpret past experiences and develop new attitudes and interests. The author tries to inform us that when a child is involved in a passive and absorbing attitude rather than active and experimental the result is waste and friction (Dewey 465). Laws and regulations should not be imposed because education is the moral duty of any society in order to shape itself in its own direction. John Dewey uses repetition and examples in his essay My Pedagogic Creed to convince his audience that is mainly the educators, parents of young students, and the community that instant education reform is of utmost importance for the proper social and psychological growth of children. He uses strong emotion and opinions on how the subject matter of the education should be and what he thinks is the duty of the teachers and the society in instilling education in a  child.

Nature versus nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature versus nurture Essay My husband and I ran a group home for teenage girls for over nine years. The girls were struggling with â€Å"major† life issues, some had been abandoned, others had sexual identity issues, a few were addicted to drugs, and struggling with Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa. Many of these girls survived their environments and some did not. Was it something they were exposed to or was it something they were predisposed to? Nature or Nurture, or perhaps it was a little of both. The Nature vs. Nurture theory has been argued, fought over and debated for centuries by such intellectuals as Plato, Aristotle, Shakespeare, and Darwin. The phrase Nature vs. Nurture has been attributed to Francis Galton, who was also the cousin of Charles Darwin.? Galton became an openly anti-Christian bigot. Galton wrote about prayer: I do not propose any special inquiry whether the general laws of physical nature are ever changed in response to prayer: whether, for instance, success has attended the occasional prayers in the Liturgy when they have been used for rain, for fair weather, for the stilling of the sea in a storm, or for the abatement of a pestilence. The modern feeling of this country is so opposed to a belief in the occasional suspension of the general laws of nature that most English readers would smile at such an investigation. (Memories of My Life, Galton, Nabu Press, August 28, 2010) Nature vs. Nurture is an argument that, in all probability, will never be settled. I know that for me, I am no closer to a choice than I was when I started working with teenagers. Edward Shorter says this about the Nature-Nurture opinions: â€Å"Yet in the 1950s, advocates of psychoanalysis and community psychiatry argued that biology played virtually no role, that it was all nurture and no nature. So the argument that nature and nurture stand in some kind of Nature vs. Nurture 3 fifty-fifty relationship is already quite extreme from the viewpoint of thirty years ago. One need not be an organic absolutist to place organic factors in their proper perspective: Nature and Nurture intertwine. † (A History of Psychiatry, 1997 E. Shorter pp 287) I think I most agree with this assessment as I have seen both in action and I have seen both be dominant in certain people. The nature theory is that we are all born with predisposed traits, such as personality, intelligence and even sexual orientation; these traits are not influenced by the environment but biology. The nurture side or the â€Å"Tabula Blanca† (Blank Slate) is the theory that each of us is born with a â€Å"Blank Slate†: and that our environment determines traits such as personality, intelligence, and sexual orientation. James Garbarino says this: â€Å"The question of whether bad behavior is preprogrammed genetically is one of the central controversies in child development. An informed starting point is to remember that child development requires the interplay of biology and society, the characteristics children bring with them into the world and the way the world treats them, nature and nurture. Sociobiology emphasizes a genetic origin for social behavior: some characteristics promote survival, and thus reproduction, more than other characteristics. In contrast, what researchers Benjamin Pasamaniack calls social biology concentrates on the social origins of biological phenomena (e. g. , the impact of poverty on infant health). The key is that there are social implications of genetically based individual behaviors; the social impact of biologically rooted traits can affect the survival of individual people and groups of related people, and thus the likelihood that a particular genetic pattern will be passed along to surviving offspring. † (Lost Boys, James Garbarino, Ph. D. Simon and Schuster Inc. , 1999 pp. 73-74) Nature vs. Nurture 4 In my thirty years of working with young teens I have experienced a variety of issues. One such as a family which had two daughters, both raised in the same environment, the oldest became a drug addict for many years. Throughout the years, the family went to several drug rehab centers, doctors, psychologists, and therapists. One doctor told the family that there was nothing anyone could do. When asked why, the doctor said â€Å"She was predisposed to be this way! † This would be an argument for nature; one struggling with addiction and the other not being affected. Both living in the same environment yet one, according to the doctors, was predisposed to addiction. This young lady found Jesus and He cleansed her from her drug addiction and she has been clean now for over 15 years. Jesus can clean up our predisposition and our nature. I met a young African-American man when he was in the 7th grade. He lived in the projects with his grandmother, mother, sister, and younger brother, all in a three bedroom apartment. The father had left this family and they became poverty stricken. The difference was the mother! She was fearless and wanted her children to use education to rise above their circumstances. This young man is now the assistant principal at a local high school. His family has moved out of the projects and both his sister and brother graduated from college. They did not allow their environment to dictate their future. However, I feel that their environment helped. Their mother was their environment not the projects. So was this family predisposed to make it out of the projects? Or was it the affect their mother had on them? I think that it was both. Nature vs. Nurture 5 In my experience there is no doubt that environment plays a huge part. That is because the environment is something we can see, it’s natural, you can look at a situation and see what the surroundings are and make a judgment. With nature you can’t really see it per say so it is harder to make a judgment on what really causes someone to act a certain way or become the person that they become. In our group home setting my husband and I did everything we possibly could do to make it a loving environment. These girls had never experienced unconditional love. I know that a loving environment has the ability to change people. No matter what has gone on before in their lives. Not every person we â€Å"loved on† made it. Recently my husband and I were watching the evening news and heard a report of a prostitute being arrested downtown for stabbing a man. When her name was given it was a young lady that had lived in our home and my husband and I had tried to adopt. I believe that I am more of a nurture person than a nature person. I believe that nurture can change nature, if that is even possible. Peter tells us in 2 Peter 1:4, â€Å"so that through them you may become partakers of the divine nature† (ESV). He prefaces that by saying in verse three that Jesus has given us everything that pertains to life and godliness. I know that for many of these teens we worked with what they needed was not just love and nurture but they needed to be made partakers of the divine nature. Nature and Nurture, intertwined together. Nature vs. Nurture 6 References Galton, Francis, Memories of My Life, Nabu Press, August 28, 2010. Shorter, Edward, A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac, 1997, John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publisher. Garbarino, James, Ph. D. Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them, 1999, The Free Press, a Division of Simon and Schuster Inc. Publisher The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (2008) Crossway a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. FINAL PAPER GRADING RUBRIC.

Past, Present, And Future Of Computers :: essays research papers

Past, Present, and Future of Computers Imagine being able to do almost anything right from your own living room. You could order a pizza, watch cartoons, or play video games with people from around the entire world. All are possible today with your computer. The beginnings of the computer started off in a rather unique way. It was first used to produce intricate designs with silk, a task far to long a tedious for a human to do constantly. It's really unbelievable how the computers changed from that to what they are now. Today, computers are completely astounding. The possibilities are endless. Who knows where they will take us in the years ahead. The computer is the most influential piece of equipment that has ever been invented. The begginings of the computer are actually kind of strange. It started in the 1800's when a man named Charles Babbage wanted to make a calculating machine. He created a machine that would calculate logarithms on a system of constant difference and record the results on a metal plate. The machine was aptly named the Difference Engine. Within ten years, the Analytical Engine was produced. This machine could perform several tasks. These tasks would be givin to the machine and could figure out values of almost any algebraic equation. Soon, a silk weaver wanted to make very intricate designs. The designs were stored on punch-cards which could be fed into the loom in order to produce the designs requested. This is an odd beginning for the most powerful invention in the world. In the 1930's, a man named Konrad Zuse started to make his own type of computer. Out of his works, he made several good advances in the world of computing. First, he developed the binary coding system. This was a base two system which allowed computers to read information with either a 1 or a 0. This is the same as an on or and off. The on or off functions could be created through switches. These switches were utilized with vacuum tubes. The functions could then be relayed as fast as electrons jumping between plates. This was all during the time of the Second World War and further advancements were made in the area of cryptology. Computer advancements were needed in order for the Allied Coding Center in London to decode encrypted Nazi messages. Speed was of the essence, so scientists developed the first fully valve driven computer. Before this, computers only had a number of valves, none were fully driven by them because of the complexity and difficulty of producing it. Past, Present, And Future Of Computers :: essays research papers Past, Present, and Future of Computers Imagine being able to do almost anything right from your own living room. You could order a pizza, watch cartoons, or play video games with people from around the entire world. All are possible today with your computer. The beginnings of the computer started off in a rather unique way. It was first used to produce intricate designs with silk, a task far to long a tedious for a human to do constantly. It's really unbelievable how the computers changed from that to what they are now. Today, computers are completely astounding. The possibilities are endless. Who knows where they will take us in the years ahead. The computer is the most influential piece of equipment that has ever been invented. The begginings of the computer are actually kind of strange. It started in the 1800's when a man named Charles Babbage wanted to make a calculating machine. He created a machine that would calculate logarithms on a system of constant difference and record the results on a metal plate. The machine was aptly named the Difference Engine. Within ten years, the Analytical Engine was produced. This machine could perform several tasks. These tasks would be givin to the machine and could figure out values of almost any algebraic equation. Soon, a silk weaver wanted to make very intricate designs. The designs were stored on punch-cards which could be fed into the loom in order to produce the designs requested. This is an odd beginning for the most powerful invention in the world. In the 1930's, a man named Konrad Zuse started to make his own type of computer. Out of his works, he made several good advances in the world of computing. First, he developed the binary coding system. This was a base two system which allowed computers to read information with either a 1 or a 0. This is the same as an on or and off. The on or off functions could be created through switches. These switches were utilized with vacuum tubes. The functions could then be relayed as fast as electrons jumping between plates. This was all during the time of the Second World War and further advancements were made in the area of cryptology. Computer advancements were needed in order for the Allied Coding Center in London to decode encrypted Nazi messages. Speed was of the essence, so scientists developed the first fully valve driven computer. Before this, computers only had a number of valves, none were fully driven by them because of the complexity and difficulty of producing it.

Customer Service Review Questions Essay

What are some innate qualities or characteristics that make people unique? Innate qualities are qualities and characteristics that one is born with and has within them. Some innate qualities that make people unique are race, ethnicity, gender, height, natural hair color, and birth order. What external or societal factors affect the way members of a group are seen or perceived? Some external factors that affect the way members are seen the way they dress, talk, act, which religion they support, and how they communicate and treat people. What are values? Values are long-term appraisals of the worth of an idea, person, place, thing or practice held by individuals, groups or cultures. They affect attitudes and behavior. Do beliefs differ from values? Explain. Beliefs are convictions arising from repetitive experience showing some logical consistency. When beliefs get stronger, they from into principles and philosophies called values. So things start out as beliefs and turn into values that are held onto and passed down Why would some people be reluctant to make eye contact with you? There could be a number of reasons why one wouldn’t make eye contact with you. It could be a culteral thing, where it is considered rude to look people in the eye. It could be that they are nervous or shy and feel awkward making eye contact. Or the nonverbal cues that you’re giving off may have them a bit scared or too intimidated to approach you. When dealing with customers with a disability, how can you best help them? When dealing with customers with disabilities, the most important thing is to treat them equally as you would with any other customer that walks through the door. Be prepared and informed, be careful not to patronize, refer to the person and not the disability, offer assistance but do not rush to help without them asking, and lastly, be respectful. How can recognition of the cultural value of â€Å"importance of family† be helpful in customer service? Recognizing the importance of family would be helpful in customer service because it shows the customer that relationships are important forming a trust relationship with your customers. Customers like to feel secure and trusted when dealing with anyone in customer service so they know that they are feeling heard. What are some considerations for improving communication in a diverse environment? The diverse nature of the customer population requires businesses to be aware of the various ways people from different cultures interact in the business setting. Being aware of all the different cultures prepares you for whoever walks through the door and needs help understanding certain things and communicating effectively. Avoid jokes, sarcasm, and have respect for the person. How can you effectively communicate with someone who has difficulty with the English language? The best way to communicate with people that struggle with the English language or any language that is foreign to them is to use general nonverbal communication, like smiling. Avoid slang and sarcasm, as well as jokes. Stick to basic general terms. What are some techniques for effectively providing service to older customers? Effective techniques for dealing with the elderly are being respectful, being patient, answering any questions they have, try not to sound patronizing or bossy, remaining professional and don’t let biases interfere with good service.